Optimal switchover times between two activities utilizing the same resource

The “gold‐mining” decision problem is concerned with the efficient utilization of a delicate mining equipment working in a number of different mines. Richard Bellman was the first to consider this type of a problem. The solution found by Bellman for the finite‐horizon, continuous‐time version of the problem with two mines is not overly realistic since he assumed that fractional parts of the same mining equipment could be used in different mines and this fraction could change instantaneously. In this paper, we provide some extensions to this model in order to produce more operational and realistic solutions. Our first model is concerned with developing an operational policy where the equipment may be switched from one mine to the other at most once during a finite horizon. In the next extension we incorporate a cost component in the objective function and assume that the horizon length is not fixed but it is the second decision variable. Structural properties of the optimal solutions are obtained using nonlinear programming. Each model and its solution is illustrated with a numerical example. The models developed here may have potential applications in other areas including production of items requiring the same machine or choosing a sequence of activities requiring the same resource. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 186–203, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.10008     

一种基于粒子滤波的水下地形匹配算法研究

引入了剩余重采样的概念,通过权值分类和剩余权值重采样两个步骤完成粒子的复制,提高了运算速度.使用三次样条插值的方法对深度数据进行插值,构建了湖泊水下数字高程模型.通过仿真证明了该算法的可行性,并分析了匹配误差与水下地形的关系.     

高校中国现当代文学教学模式研究

为适应社会发展与人才需求,高校中国现当代文学课程必须从单一、僵化的、传统式教学模式向研究式、实践应用、刺激动机、学习指导、考核评价等教学模式转变,以利创新精神与创新理念人才的培养。     

基于应变局部化理论的剑桥模型改进

应用传统的弹塑性理论模型在分析剪切带的时候遇到了很多困难,如控制方程失去椭圆性等,其原因是传统的弹塑性理论模型并没有包含材料的内部参数。在剑桥模型的基础上,考虑应变二阶梯度,提出一种新的计算剪切带的理论模型。当应变局部化发生时,带内土体采用该模型计算,带外土体则按照传统弹塑性模型计算。该理论模型汲取了剑桥模型实验参数少,应用简便的优点。     

军队工程招标激励模型研究

运用激励理论研究了军队工程招标采购过程中军方与承包商之间的关系,建立了军队工程招标激励模型。在不完全信息和竞争性招标中,投标人的行为是追求最大的效用,军方则需要建立一种机制诱使投标人按真实成本信息报价,以达到预期支付最小的目的。这种招标博弈的结果是军方与投标人之间达成贝叶斯纳什均衡(Bayesian Nash equilib- rium),即军方利用激励合同诱使投标人报出其真实成本,而投标人为达到中标目的则必须采取讲真话的占优策略,最终在双方均可接受的条件下达成协议。在此基础上,结合实际研究提出了改进的综合评标模型。     

装甲车辆发动机汽缸套与活塞环磨损计算模型

为研究装甲车辆发动机汽缸套与活塞环的磨损规律,在总结汽缸套与活塞环磨损计算理论的基础上,通过黏着机理磨损的计算和分析,对基于润滑分析磨损模型、基于瞬态过程理论磨损模型和通用磨损模型3种典型模型的建模思路、求解方法和计算误差等内容进行了比较,确定基于润滑分析的磨损模型作为装甲车辆汽缸套与活塞环磨损研究的计算模型。     

基于XML的诊断信息模型描述

利用XML语言对诊断信息模型进行描述,初步建立了诊断信息模型整体框架的XML Schema,并在专门开发工具XML Spy中得到实现,同时对基于XML的信息模型描述进行了简要的应用说明,验证了模型描述的有效性。     

管道机器人在三通处的通过性分析

三通是管道机器人经常遇到的典型障碍之一,克服该障碍的能力用管道机器人在三通处通过性来描述。文中提出一种描述差压驱动式管道机器人三通通过性的数学模型,该模型由一组组合约束构成。通过对约束方程的分析讨论、与管道机器人弯道通过性的对比分析,得出了规律性的结论。管道机器人在三通处的姿态、单元体的几何尺寸、行走轮结构形式对其通过性都有不同程度的影响。所提出数学模型是管道机器人三通自主行走控制策略设计和相应结构设计的理论基础。     

国防科研管理决策支持系统-项目核算模型研究

本文针对国防科研管理的需求,提出了宏观核算模型、成本核算模型、因素分析模型,分析了这些模型产生指标的意义,并证明了这些指标的存在条件和相应的计算方法。     

Determination of burn‐in parameters and residual life for highly reliable products

Today, many products are designed and manufactured to function for a long period of time before they fail. Determining product reliability is a great challenge to manufacturers of highly reliable products with only a relatively short period of time available for internal life testing. In particular, it may be difficult to determine optimal burn‐in parameters and characterize the residual life distribution. A promising alternative is to use data on a quality characteristic (QC) whose degradation over time can be related to product failure. Typically, product failure corresponds to the first passage time of the degradation path beyond a critical value. If degradation paths can be modeled properly, one can predict failure time and determine the life distribution without actually observing failures. In this paper, we first use a Wiener process to describe the continuous degradation path of the quality characteristic of the product. A Wiener process allows nonconstant variance and nonzero correlation among data collected at different time points. We propose a decision rule for classifying a unit as normal or weak, and give an economic model for determining the optimal termination time and other parameters of a burn‐in test. Next, we propose a method for assessing the product's lifetime distribution of the passed units. The proposed methodologies are all based only on the product's initial observed degradation data. Finally, an example of an electronic product, namely contact image scanner (CIS), is used to illustrate the proposed procedure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003